Dị ka usoro ọgbọ dị iche iche nke laser infrared dị mkpụmkpụ, e nwere ụdị atọ nke lasers infrared dị mkpụmkpụ, ya bụ lasers semiconductor, laser fiber na lasers steeti siri ike.N'ime ha, enwere ike kewaa laser steeti siri ike n'ime lasers steeti siri ike dabere na ntughari ogologo ikuku na-adịghị anya na laser steeti siri ike nke na-emepụta laser infrared dị mkpụmkpụ sitere na ihe eji arụ ọrụ laser.
Laser semiconductor na-eji ihe semiconductor eme ihe dị ka ihe na-arụ ọrụ laser, na ogologo ikuku laser na-ekpebi site na ọdịiche band nke ihe semiconductor.Site na mmepe nke sayensị ihe, ike nke ihe semiconductor nwere ike ịhazi ya ka ọ bụrụ ogologo ogologo ogologo laser site na injin ike band.Ya mere, enwere ike nweta ọtụtụ ogologo ikuku infrared dị mkpụmkpụ site na lasers semiconductor.
Ọ na-ahụkarị laser arụ ọrụ ihe nke mkpụmkpụ-efegharị infrared semiconductor laser bụ phosphor ihe.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, laser indium phosphide semiconductor laser nwere oghere oghere nke 95 μm nwere ogologo ogologo laser nke 1.55 μm na 1.625 μm, na ike eruola 1.5 W.
Fiber laser na-eji eriri enyo enyo na-adịghị ahụkebe dị ka igwe laser na semiconductor laser dị ka isi iyi mgbapụta.Ọ nwere njirimara magburu onwe ya dị ka ọnụ ala dị ala, nrụpụta ntụgharị dị elu, àgwà dị mma nke mmepụta ihe, nhazi dị mfe, na ntụkwasị obi dị elu.Ọ nwekwara ike iji ohere dị iche iche nke radieshon ụwa na-adịghị ahụkebe na-etolite laser fiber na-agbanwe agbanwe site n'ịgbakwunye ihe anya dị ka gratings na resonator laser.Fiber lasers aghọwo ụzọ dị mkpa na mmepe nke teknụzụ laser.
1. Solid-state laser
Mgbasa ozi enwetara laser steeti siri ike nke nwere ike imepụta laser infrared dị mkpụmkpụ bụ nke kachasị Er: YAG kristal na ceramik, na iko Er-doped.Laser steeti siri ike dabere na Er: YAG crystal na ceramics nwere ike wepụta 1.645μm mkpụmkpụ infrared laser, nke bụ ebe dị ọkụ na nyocha nke laser infrared dị mkpụmkpụ na afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya [3-5].Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ike pulse nke Er: YAG lasers na-eji electro-optic ma ọ bụ acousto-optic Q-switching eruola ole na ole ruo iri iri nke mJ, obosara usu nke iri iri ns, na ugboro ugboro ugboro iri na puku Hz.Ọ bụrụ na a na-eji 1.532 μm semiconductor laser dị ka isi iyi mgbapụta, ọ ga-enwe nnukwu uru n'ọhịa nke nchọpụta laser na-arụ ọrụ na nyocha laser, karịsịa mmetụta nzuzo ya na ngwaọrụ ịdọ aka ná ntị laser.
Er glass laser nwere kọmpat Ọdịdị, ọnụ ala, obere arọ, na ike ịghọta Q-switched ọrụ.Ọ bụ isi iyi ọkụ kachasị amasị maka nchọpụta ọrụ nke laser infrared dị mkpụmkpụ.Otú ọ dị, n'ihi adịghị ike anọ nke Er iko ihe: Nke mbụ, Central wavelength nke absorption ụdịdị dị iche iche bụ 940 nm ma ọ bụ 976 nm, nke na-eme ka oriọna mgbapụta siri ike nweta;Nke abụọ, nkwadebe nke ihe iko Er siri ike ma ọ dịghị mfe ime nnukwu nha;Nke atọ, Er iko Ihe ahụ nwere ihe ndị na-ekpo ọkụ na-adịghị mma, ọ dịghịkwa mfe iji nweta ọrụ ugboro ugboro ruo ogologo oge, hapụ naanị ọrụ na-aga n'ihu;nke anọ, ọ dịghị ihe na-agbanwe Q kwesịrị ekwesị.Ọ bụ ezie na nyocha nke laser infrared dị mkpụmkpụ nke dabeere na Er glass na-adọta mmasị ndị mmadụ mgbe niile, n'ihi ihe anọ dị n'elu, ọ dịghị ngwaahịa apụtala.Ruo 1990, na mpụta nke ogwe laser semiconductor nwere ogologo ogologo nke 940 nm na 980 nm, yana mpụta nke ihe nnabata juputara dị ka Co2 +: MgAl2O4 (cobalt-doped magnesium aluminate), isi ihe abụọ dị mkpa nke isi iyi mgbapụta na Q-switching. gbajiri agbaji.Nnyocha e mere na lasers iko etolitela ngwa ngwa.Karịsịa na-adịbeghị anya, mba m miniature Er iko laser modul, nke integrates semiconductor mgbapụta isi iyi, Er iko na resonant oghere, arọ ọ dịghị ihe karịrị 10 g, na nwere a obere ogbe mmepụta ikike nke 50 kW elu ike modul.Otú ọ dị, n'ihi na-adịghị mma thermal arụmọrụ nke Er iko ihe, ugboro ugboro ugboro nke laser modul ka dịtụ ala.Ugboro laser nke modul 50 kW bụ naanị 5 Hz, na ọnụọgụ laser kachasị nke modul 20 kW bụ 10 Hz, nke enwere ike iji naanị na ngwa ngwa dị ala.
Ihe nrụpụta laser 1.064 μm nke Nd:YAG pulsed laser nwere ike kacha elu ruo megawatts.Mgbe ọkụ dị nhịahụ dị otú ahụ siri ike gafere n'ihe ụfọdụ pụrụ iche, foton ya na-agbasasị n'ahụ ụmụ irighiri ihe ahụ, ya bụ, foton ndị ahụ na-etinye obi n'ahụ́ ma na-emepụta foton ndị na-adịchaghị ala.Enwere ụdị ihe abụọ nwere ike nweta mmetụta ntụgharị ugboro ugboro a: otu bụ kristal na-adịghị adị, dị ka KTP, LiNbO3, wdg;nke ọzọ bụ nnukwu ikuku gas dị ka H2.Debe ha n'oghere anya resonant ka ọ bụrụ oscillator ngwa anya parametric (OPO).
OPO dabere na gas nrụgide dị elu na-ezokarị aka na Raman na-achụsasị ọkụ parametric oscillator.Igwe ọkụ mgbapụta na-etinye akụkụ ụfọdụ ma na-ebute ebili mmiri dị ala.Igwe ọkụ nke Raman tozuru oke na-eji laser 1.064 μm na-ebufe gas dị elu H2 iji nweta laser infrared mkpụmkpụ nke 1.54 μm.
FOTO 1
Ngwa a na-ahụkarị nke sistemu GV infrared infrared bụ ihe onyonyo dị anya n'abalị.Igwe ọkụ laser kwesịrị ịbụ laser infrared dị mkpụmkpụ nke nwere ike dị elu, na ugboro ugboro ugboro ya kwesịrị ịdị na-adaba n'ogo etiti nke igwefoto strobed.Dị ka ọnọdụ dị ugbu a nke obere ebili mmiri infrared lasers n'ụlọ na mba ọzọ, diode-pumped Er: YAG lasers na OPO dabeere 1.57 μm laser steeti siri ike bụ nhọrọ kacha mma.Ugboro ugboro ugboro ugboro na ike kacha elu nke miniature Er glass laser ka kwesịrị imeziwanye.3.Ngwa nke laser infrared dị mkpụmkpụ na-egbochi nchọpụta fotoelectric
Isi ihe dị n'ime obere ebili mmiri infrared laser anti-reconnaissance bụ ịgbasa ngwa nyocha nke optoelectronic nke onye iro na-arụ ọrụ na eriri infrared dị mkpụmkpụ nke nwere oghere infrared infrared dị mkpụmkpụ, ka o wee nweta ozi ebumnuche na-ezighi ezi ma ọ bụ enweghị ike ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma, ma ọ bụ ọbụlagodi. ihe nchọta mebiri emebi.E nwere ụzọ abụọ dị mkpụmkpụ nke infrared laser mgbochi nlegharị anya, ya bụ nnyonye anya anya aghụghọ dị anya na anya anya laser dị mma yana nbibi nke igwefoto infrared dị mkpụmkpụ.
1.1 nnyonye anya aghụghọ na anya mmadụ nchekwa laser rangefinder
Ihe nchọta laser pulsed na-atụgharị anya n'etiti ihe mgbaru ọsọ na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na oge etiti oge nke pulse laser na-aga azụ na azụ n'etiti ebe mmalite na ebumnuche.Ọ bụrụ na onye na-achọpụta rangefinder na-anata pulses laser ndị ọzọ tupu mgbama mgbama echo nke egosipụtara erute ebe mmalite, ọ ga-akwụsị oge, ebe a tụgharịrị abụghị ezigbo anya nke ebumnuche ahụ, kama ọ pere mpe karịa ezigbo anya nke ebumnuche ahụ.Ogologo ụgha, nke na-enweta nzube nke ịghọgbu anya nke rangefinder.Maka ndị na-achọpụta ihe nleba anya laser dị mma, enwere ike iji laser pulse pulse infrared dị mkpụmkpụ nke otu ogologo ogologo oge iji mejuputa nnyonye anya aghụghọ dị anya.
Laser na-arụ ọrụ nnyonye anya aghụghọ dị anya nke onye na-ahụ maka ihe na-eme ka ngosipụta nke ebumnuche ya na laser, yabụ ike kacha elu laser dị obere, mana ọnọdụ abụọ a ga-ezute:
1) Ogologo ogologo nke laser ga-abụrịrị otu ihe ahụ na-arụ ọrụ nke onye na-ahụ ihe na-etinye aka.A na-etinye ihe nzacha nnyonye anya n'ihu ihe nchọpụta rangefinder, na bandwit dị warara nke ukwuu.Lasers nwere ogologo ebili mmiri na-abụghị ogologo wavelength na-arụ ọrụ enweghị ike iru elu ihu foto nke ihe nchọta.Ọbụlagodi 1.54 μm na 1.57 μm lasers nwere ogologo ogologo ogologo oge enweghị ike igbochi ibe ha.
2) Ugboro ugboro ugboro laser ga-adị elu.Ihe nchọta rangefinder na-aza akara ngosi laser na-erute elu ya na-ahụ anya naanị mgbe a tụrụ oke.Iji nweta nnyonye anya dị mma, usu nnyonye anya kwesịrị ma ọ dịkarịa ala pịnye n'ime ọnụ ụzọ ebili mmiri rangefinder 2 ruo 3 pulses.Ọnụ ụzọ ámá nke enwere ike nweta ugbu a dị n'usoro nke μs, ya mere laser na-etinye aka ga-enwerịrị ugboro ugboro ugboro ugboro.Inweta anya nke 3 km dị ka ọmụmaatụ, oge achọrọ maka laser ịla azụ na azụ otu ugboro bụ 20 μs.Ọ bụrụ na ọ dịkarịa ala 2 pulses na-abanye, ugboro ugboro laser ga-eru 50 kHz.Ọ bụrụ na opekempe nso nke laser rangefinder bụ 300 m, ugboro ugboro nke jammer enweghị ike ịdị ala karịa 500 kHz.Naanị semiconductor lasers na fiber lasers nwere ike nweta oke nkwughachi dị otú ahụ.
1.2 nnyonye anya na mmebi nke igwefoto infrared dị mkpụmkpụ
Dị ka akụkụ bụ isi nke sistemu onyonyo infrared dị mkpụmkpụ, igwefoto infrared dị mkpụmkpụ nwere oke nzaghachi ike ngwa anya nke InGaAs onye na-achọpụta ụgbọ elu ya.Ọ bụrụ na ike ngwa anya ihe merenụ gafere oke elu nke oke ike, saturation ga-eme, onye nchọta enweghị ike ịme onyonyo nkịtị.Ike dị elu Laser ga-emebi ihe nchọta na-adịgide adịgide.
Igwe ọkụ na-aga n'ihu na nke dị ala nke semiconductor lasers na fiber lasers nwere ugboro ugboro ugboro dị elu dabara adaba maka ndabichi na-aga n'ihu nke igwefoto infrared dị mkpụmkpụ.Na-aga n'ihu na-eji laser eme ihe igwefoto infrared dị mkpụmkpụ.N'ihi nnukwu mmụba condensing mmetụta nke anya anya anya, mpaghara ruru ebe laser gbasasịrị n'elu InGaAs focal ụgbọ elu jupụtara nke ukwuu, ya mere enweghị ike ịse foto nke ọma.Naanị mgbe a kwụsịrị irradiation laser ruo oge ụfọdụ, arụmọrụ onyonyo nwere ike jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ laghachi na nkịtị.
Dị ka nsonaazụ nke ọtụtụ afọ nke nyocha na mmepe nke ngwaahịa countermeasure laser na-ahụ anya na nke dị nso na eriri infrared na ọtụtụ ule mmebi nke ubi, naanị lasers dị mkpụmkpụ nke nwere ike kachasị elu nke megawatts na n'elu nwere ike ime ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe na TV. ese foto n'ebe dị anya kilomita.mmebi.Ma enwere ike nweta mmetụta mmebi ahụ, ike kachasị elu nke laser bụ isi.Ọ bụrụhaala na ike kacha elu dị elu karịa ọnụ ụzọ mmebi ihe nchọpụta, otu pulse nwere ike imebi ihe nchọpụta ahụ.Site n'echiche nke ike imewe laser, ikpo ọkụ ọkụ na ike oriri, ugboro ugboro nke laser ekwesịghị ị nweta ọnụọgụ nke igwefoto ma ọ bụ karịa, na 10 Hz ruo 20 Hz nwere ike izute ngwa ọgụ n'ezie.Dị ka o kwesịrị ịdị, igwefoto infrared dị mkpụmkpụ abụghị ihe dị iche.
Ihe nchọpụta ụgbọ elu nke InGaAs gụnyere CCD bombu elektrọn dabere na InGaAs/InP eletrọn fotocathodes na CMOS mechara mepụta.Ọnụ ụzọ saturation na mmebi ha dị n'otu usoro ịdị ukwuu dị ka CCD/CMOS dabeere na Si, mana enwetabeghị ihe nchọpụta dabere na InGaAs/InP.Saturation na mmebi data ngafe nke CCD/COMS.
Dị ka ọnọdụ dị ugbu a nke mkpirisi infrared lasers n'ụlọ na mba ọzọ, 1.57 μm ugboro ugboro ugboro laser siri ike dabere na OPO ka bụ nhọrọ kacha mma maka mmebi laser na CCD/COMS.Ya elu ikuku penetration arụmọrụ na elu peak ike mkpụmkpụ usu laser mkpuchi ìhè ntụpọ na otu pulse irè e ji mara bụ ihe doro anya maka nro igbu ike nke optoelectronic usoro ogologo nke a kwadebere na obere-efegharị efegharị infrared ese foto.
2 .Nkwubi okwu
Laser infrared dị mkpụmkpụ nke nwere ogologo ogologo n'etiti 1.1 μm na 1.7 μm nwere ikike ikuku dị elu yana ikike dị ike ịbanye n'ọkụ, mmiri ozuzo, snow, anwụrụ ọkụ, ájá na uzuzu.Ọ bụ ihe a na-adịghị ahụ anya na ngwa ọdịnala dị obere ìhè abalị.The laser na 1.4 μm ka 1.6 μm band dị mma maka mmadụ anya, na nwere pụrụ iche atụmatụ dị ka onye tozuru okè nchọpụta na elu nzaghachi wavelength na nke a nso, na aghọwo ihe dị mkpa mmepe ntụziaka maka laser agha ngwa.
Akwụkwọ a na-enyocha njirimara teknụzụ na ọnọdụ ọnọdụ nke laser infrared anọ na-ahụkarị, gụnyere phosphor semiconductor lasers, Er-doped fiber lasers, Er-doped solid-state lasers, na OPO dabeere na laser steeti siri ike, wee chịkọta ojiji. nke lasers infrared ndị a dị mkpụmkpụ na nyocha nke fotoelectric na-arụ ọrụ.Ngwa a na-ahụkarị na mgbochi nyocha.
1) Na-aga n'ihu na ike dị ala dị elu ugboro ugboro phosphor semiconductor lasers na Er-doped fiber lasers bụ ndị a na-ejikarị maka ọkụ inyeaka maka nleba anya stealth dị anya na ịchọ n'abalị na igbochi nnyonye anya na igwefoto infrared ndị iro.Igwe ọkụ dị mkpụmkpụ nke phosphor semiconductor lasers na Er-doped fiber lasers bụkwa ezigbo ebe ọkụ maka usoro nchekwa anya nke ọtụtụ pulse, radar nyocha laser na anya nchekwa laser rangefinder anya aghụghọ aghụghọ.
2) Laser steeti siri ike dabere na OPO nwere obere nkwugharị dị ala mana enwere ike iji megawatts kacha elu ma ọ bụ ọbụlagodi megawatts iri na radar imaging flash, nlele anya laser gating n'abalị, mmebi infrared dị mkpụmkpụ na-efe efe na laser. omenala mode remote mmadụ anya Safety laser nso.
3) The miniature Er glass laser bụ otu n'ime ụzọ na-eto ngwa ngwa nke lasers infrared mkpụmkpụ na-adịbeghị anya.Enwere ike iji ike dị ugbu a na ọkwa ugboro ugboro ugboro n'ime obere anya nchekwa laser rangefinders.Ka oge na-aga, ozugbo ike kacha elu ruru ọkwa megawatt, enwere ike iji ya maka radar imaging flash, nlele laser gating, na mmebi laser mebiri igwefoto infrared dị mkpụmkpụ.
4) Ihe diode-pumped Er: YAG laser nke na-ezobe ngwaọrụ ịdọ aka ná ntị laser bụ isi mmepe mmepe nke laser infrared infrared dị mkpụmkpụ.Ọ nwere nnukwu ngwa ngwa na flash lidar, nlele anya gating laser dị anya n'abalị, yana mmebi laser.
N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, dị ka usoro ngwá agha nwere ihe dị elu na nke dị elu chọrọ maka ntinye nke usoro optoelectronic, obere na nke dị arọ laser aghọwo ihe a na-apụghị izere ezere na mmepe nke akụrụngwa laser.Semiconductor lasers, fiber lasers na miniature lasers nwere obere nha, ịdị arọ na ike dị ala Er lasers iko abụrụla ihe bụ isi nke mmepe nke laser infrared dị mkpụmkpụ.Karịsịa, fiber lasers nwere ezigbo ọkụ ọkụ nwere nnukwu ngwa ngwa na ọkụ inyeaka oge abalị, nyocha nzuzo na ebumnuche, nyocha ihe onyonyo lidar na nnyonye anya laser.Otú ọ dị, ike / ike nke ụdị atọ ndị a nke obere obere lasers dị arọ na-adịkarị ala, a pụkwara iji ya mee ihe maka ụfọdụ ngwa nlegharị anya dị mkpirikpi, na-enweghị ike izute mkpa nke nleba anya ogologo na nyocha nyocha.Ya mere, a na-elekwasị anya na mmepe bụ ịbawanye ike / ike laser.
Laser steeti siri ike dabere na OPO nwere ogo beam dị mma yana ike dị elu, yana uru ha na nleba anya gated dị anya, radar imaging flash na mmebi laser ka bụ ihe doro anya, na ike mmepụta laser na ugboro ugboro ugboro kwesịrị ịbawanyewanye. .N'ihi na diode-pumped Er: YAG lasers, ọ bụrụ na pulse ume na-abawanye mgbe pulse obosara na-enwekwu abịakọrọ, ọ ga-abụ ihe kasị mma ọzọ OPO siri ike-ala lasers.Ọ nwere uru na nleba anya gated dị anya, radar imaging flash, na mmebi laser.Nnukwu ngwa ike.
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